Igikombe cy'Isi muri Qatar kiri mu nzira nziza. Imikino umunani ya mbere yagenwe, isaha ya Beijing ku mugoroba wo ku ya 9 Ukuboza, imikino ya kimwe cya kane izongera gukinwa kugira ngo ikurwe amaso y'abafana hirya no hino ku isi.
Ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru y'abagabo b'Abashinwa ntabwo yagiye mu gikombe cy'isi cy'uyu mwaka. Ariko, "ikipe ihagarariye imyenda" y'Abashinwa yagiye, kandi urutonde rw'abakinnyi ni runini cyane. Muri Qatar, amakipe menshi yitabiriye ibendera ry'igihugu, imyenda, ingofero, inkweto n'amasogisi, amakaramu, imifuka y'inyuma, ibikinisho by'imyenda bya mascot, nibindi, ni ibikoresho by'imyenda by'Abashinwa.
"Ikipe" y'imyenda y'Abashinwa yishingikiriza ku ki kugira ngo itsinde amarushanwa kandi igaragare mu Gikombe cy'Isi? Mu mikino mpuzamahanga, "ikipe" y'imyenda y'Abashinwa ikunze kugaragara, ejo hazaza ni gute wakora neza "kurinda" umuhanda?
"Umyigaragambyo" uzwi cyane
Igikombe cy'Isi muri Qatar kiri mu nzira nziza.
Nyuma gato y’uko irushanwa ritangiye, amwe mu mabendera y’amakipe yitabiriye yari yabuze ku isoko kandi yari make. Ltd. (izwi ku izina rya "Wandelong") yakoze amasaha y’inyongera kugira ngo amabendera arenga 60.000 yo koherezwa muri Qatar byihutirwa.
Kuva mu cyiciro cyo gushaka itike yo kujya mu gikombe cy'isi, Wandelong yatangiye gukora amabendera y'imodoka n'amabendera y'intoki muri iki gikombe cy'isi. Kugeza ubu, iki kigo kimaze gukora amabendera agera kuri miliyoni 2 y'ubwoko butandukanye nk'amabendera y'igihugu, amabendera y'imigozi n'amabendera y'intoki muri iki gikombe cy'isi. “Mu mpera za Nzeri uyu mwaka, amabendera menshi yagejejwe muri Qatar. Ariko uko irushanwa rigenda ritera imbere, abaguzi bazajya batumiza amadeni igihe icyo ari cyo cyose hakurikijwe irushanwa, kandi igihe cyo gutanga aya madeni ni gito.” Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo Xiao Changai yagize ati: “Umuyoboro w'isosiyete ubu wuzuye, aho umusaruro w'umunsi umwe ugera ku mpande 20.000.”
Uburyo bwihuse bwo kwakira, gutanga ibikoresho byuzuye n'ubuhanga bwiza bw'amasosiyete y'imyenda yo mu Bushinwa byashimwe n'abakiriya mpuzamahanga. Kubera ko itangwa ry'ibikoresho ku gihe, gucapa neza no kwihuta kw'amabara menshi, Wandron yabaye umucuruzi w'amasezerano mu makipe menshi y'umupira w'amaguru n'amarushanwa mpuzamahanga y'umupira w'amaguru ku isi, kandi ubucuruzi bw'ibendera ry'umukino bugira uruhare rurenga 50% by'ubucuruzi bwose bw'ikigo. Guhera ku gikombe cy'isi cyabereye mu Bufaransa mu 1998, Wondrous yatanze amabendera mu bikombe by'isi 7 byikurikiranya.
Muri Qatar, "imyenda y'Abashinwa" nayo "irahari" ku bwinshi mu maduka yemewe y'ibicuruzwa by'igikombe cy'isi. Imyenda myinshi, inkweto n'amasogisi, ingofero, ibikapu byo mu gikapu n'ibindi bicuruzwa byihariye, bikomoka muri "Bikorewe mu Bushinwa".
Ltd. (izwi hano ku izina rya "DANAS") yatanze imyenda y'abafana ba Qatar irenga miliyoni 2. “Mu ntangiriro za Werurwe uyu mwaka, iyi sosiyete yatangiye ububiko bw'imyenda y'abafana irenga miliyoni 100.000, ndetse n'umukiriya umwe utumiza imyenda irenga ibihumbi 100. Kugira ngo ibone ibikoresho bihagije, iyi sosiyete yaguye ububiko bwayo ndetse inagirana ubufatanye n'inganda zirindwi zo muri Guangdong na Guangxi kugira ngo ikore imyenda y'abafana neza.” Uwashinze iyi sosiyete Wen Congmian yavuze ko nyuma y'uko imikino y'igikombe cy'isi ikinwe ku mugaragaro, kugurisha imyenda y'abafana mu mahanga birenga cyane ibyo bari biteze, kandi bamwe mu baguzi nabo bongeyeho ibyo batumije.
Ni ngombwa kuvuga ko Danaes yananoje imipira mu bijyanye n'imiterere yayo hakurikijwe ibyo abafana bakunda. “Imipira y'abafana dukora ishingiye ku y'umwimerere ariko itandukanye n'iya mbere, hamwe n'impinduka mu ibara n'imiterere, hanyuma hongerwamo ibintu bimwe na bimwe byihariye.” Wen Congmian yafashe umwenda w'abafana ba Porutugali nk'urugero rwo kwerekana ko ubwoko bw'umwimerere bw'uyu mwenda bwakozwe mu ibara ritukura n'icyatsi kibisi kugira ngo bukore ibara ryo hejuru n'iryo hasi, naho umwenda mwiza wakozwe mu ibara ry'ibumoso n'iry'iburyo mu gihe ukomeza guhuza amabara y'umwimerere, kandi washyizwemo ibintu by'ibendera ry'igihugu.
Nyuma y'amezi atatu yo gutunganya imyenda, ingero zose z'imyenda y'abafana b'amakipe 32 yitabiriye zarasohotse. Wen yohereje ingero ku bakiriya bo mu mahanga umwe umwe kandi bidatinze yakira ibitekerezo byiza. Umukiriya umwe amaze kubona imyenda y'abafana ya Brezili na Argentine, yahise abika hafi 40.000.
Nk’umwe mu batanga amashuka n’ingofero byemewe byo mu gikombe cy’isi cya Qatar, amakipe 32 yitabiriye iki gikombe, hari amakipe 28 y’amashuka n’ingofero by’abafana bikorwa na Zhejiang Hangzhou Strange Flower Computer Knitting Co. Umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi muri iki kigo, Jiang Changhong, yatangije ikigo cyihariye mu gukora ibikoresho biboshye mu gihe kirenga imyaka 20, cyabaye igikombe cy’isi, shampiyona y’i Burayi, shampiyona y’Ubwongereza, Serie A, La Liga n’ibindi bikorwa bimara igihe kirekire.
Umujyi wa Zhenze, Akarere ka Wujiang, Umujyi wa Suzhou, Intara ya Jiangsu, hari ibigo birenga 30 bikora udutambaro two mu mutwe two mu bwoko bwa Arabiya n'ibindi bicuruzwa biwushyigikira. Isosiyete yitwa Sunshine Clothing muri ako karere yihutiye gukora udutambaro two mu mutwe two mu bwoko bwa Arabiya turenga 100.000, twoherejwe muri Qatar vuba aha. Ibikoresho by'iyi tsinda ry'udutambaro two mu mutwe ni ipamba ya mercerized 100%, buri gatambaro gafite impande enye zanditseho ikirango cya Qatar "Igikombe cy'Isi", hari amabara atandatu.
Ltd. imashini zisaga 140 nazo ziri mu nzira yo gukora hijab. Yagize ati: “Uyu mwaka ni wo mwaka mwiza ku bagurisha imyenda y’abarabu. Kuri ubu, amabwiriza yo gukora ubucuruzi yateganijwe kugeza ku iserukiramuco ry’impeshyi. Biteganijwe ko izagurishwa miliyoni 50 z’amayuan mu mwaka wose, ubwiyongere bwa 20% ugereranyije n’umwaka.” Sheng Xinjiang, perezida w’Urugaga rw’Ubucuruzi bw’Imyenda ya Hijab mu Karere ka Wujiang akaba na perezida wa Aulint Crafts Co., Ltd. yagaragaje ko ikigo kirimo gukorana na Kaminuza ya Jiangnan mu guteza imbere uburyo bwo gucunga umusaruro w’ubudozi bw’ubwenge no kubaka uruganda rw’ubwenge.
Itsinda ry'abakoresha ikoranabuhanga mu guhatira abantu
"Ikipe y'imyenda y'Abashinwa" ikomeye ingana iki?
Mu by’ukuri, si igikombe cy’isi gusa, ahubwo no mu mikino mpuzamahanga myinshi, hari umukinnyi w’umukino w’abashinwa ukina imyenda “mu ikipe”.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi ku buhanga bw' "itsinda rihagarariye abandi" ni uko inganda zikomeye kandi zihamye zikora. Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'iterambere, inganda z'imyenda mu Bushinwa ni nini cyane, urunigi rw'inganda rutanga umusaruro ni rwiza, abakozi ni abanyamwuga, ireme ry'ibicuruzwa ni ryiza cyane, kandi umusaruro urarushaho kunozwa cyane.
“Raib”, mascot yo mu gikombe cy’isi cya Qatar, ni nziza cyane. “Dufite amahirwe yo gutoranywa mu irushanwa mpuzamahanga ry’inganda zirenga 30 kugira ngo tubone uburenganzira bwemewe, dushinzwe gushushanya no gukora ibikinisho bya mascot, imifuka yo mu gikapu n’ibindi by’urwibutso byemewe.” (byitwa “Che Che Culture”) umuyobozi mukuru Chen Leigang yagize ati, Che Che Culture yabonye uburenganzira, butagereranywa n’ibyiza by’inganda z’imyenda muri Dongguan, aho ikigo giherereye.
Birumvikana ko Dongguan ifite ibigo birenga 4.000 bikora ibikinisho, hafi ibigo 1.500 bifasha mu kuzamura no kugabanya ibiro, ari na byo binini cyane mu gihugu bigurisha ibikinisho byo mu mahanga.
Chen Leigang yavuze ko Dongguan ifite urunigi rwuzuye rw'inganda n'abakozi b'abahanga mu gukora ibikinisho, kugira ngo ihuze n'ikorwa ry'ibikinisho bigoye. Inzira nyinshi z'ibikinisho bya "Laib" plush zikorwa n'intoki n'abakozi. Mu kudoda intoki, abakozi badoda imifuka mito yuzuye ipamba, kandi banadoda ipamba ku mutwe wa "Raib".
Umunyamakuru w’ikinyamakuru China Textile News yamenye ko abakozi benshi hano bafite uburambe bw’imyaka irenga 10 mu gukora ibikinisho. Itumizwa ry’igikombe cy’isi rishobora gutangwa neza, kubera ibi. “Ibikinisho bya mascot plush biri mu nzira y’iterambere rya kabiri, amasosiyete yitabiriye ni ayo mu gace ka Dongguan.” Chen Leigang yavuze ko ikigo cyagejejwe ku isoko ryo muri Qatari ibikinisho bya “Laib” bibarirwa mu bihumbi amagana, kubera ko “Laib” ikunzwe cyane n’abafana, ibyo itumijwe nyuma na byo bishobora kwiyongera.
Dukurikije ibipimo, "yakorewe muri Yiwu" yagize uruhare runini ku isoko ry'ibicuruzwa byose bya Qatar ku gikombe cy'isi cya 70%.
Amakuru aturuka mu isanzure agaragaza ko ubu hari ibigo birenga 155.000 bifitanye isano n'ibikoresho bya siporo muri Yiwu, mu Ntara ya Zhejiang, muri byo harimo ibigo bishya 51.000 byanditswe kuva muri Mutarama kugeza mu Ukwakira uyu mwaka, impuzandengo y'izamuka rya buri kwezi rya 42.6%. Amakuru agaragaza kandi ko, kugeza ubu, hari ibigo bigera ku 12.000 bifitanye isano n'inganda z'umupira w'amaguru mu gihugu hose, kandi Yiwu ifite ibigo birenga ibihumbi bikora ubucuruzi bufitanye isano n'umupira w'amaguru. Bigaragara ko Yiwu ifite isoko rinini ry'ibicuruzwa mu gihe cy'igikombe cy'isi muri Qatar, ntabwo ari impanuka.
Ubushobozi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga nabwo "bwakozwe muri Yiwu" ni ikarita y'ubucuruzi y'ingenzi. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, inganda zikora imyenda za Yiwu zigamije kongera uruhererekane rw'inganda, atari uguteza imbere ibirango byazo gusa, kongera imbaraga mu gushushanya porogaramu zo gukora ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere patenti, ahubwo no gushushanya ibikoresho byo kwagura umukoresha. Gukoresha uburyo bwo gushakisha patenti mu buryo bwa sky-eye, byagaragaye gusa ko ari "igitambaro" muri iki cyiciro, inganda za Yiwu ubu zifite nibura ubwoko butandukanye bwa patenti 1965.
Kuva mu myaka ya 1990, Umujyi wa Zhenze, ni wo wa mbere mu bigo by’Abarabu bicuruza imyenda y’imbere kuva byashingwa, nyuma y’imyaka irenga 30 by’iterambere, Umujyi wa Zhenze, wagurishije inganda z’Abarabu zigurisha imyenda y’imbere mu gihugu, wagize 70% by’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga mu gihugu. Isesengura rya Sheng Xinjiang, impamvu y’iki kibazo, hari impamvu eshatu z’ingenzi. Iya mbere, umubare w’ibigo bisa mu gihugu nturenga 40, muri byo 31 byiganjemo Wujiang. Iya kabiri, nyuma yo gushinga ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’imyenda y’imbere mu Karere ka Wujiang, ibigo 31 binyuze mu kugura ibikoresho fatizo bihuriweho, gahunda y’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa, gushyiraho imyitwarire ihamye mu nganda, kongera iterambere ry’inyungu. Iya gatatu, hakurikijwe ubuyobozi bw’ikigo cy’ubucuruzi cy’imyenda y’imbere mu karere, buri kigo cyashyize imbaraga mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, gufata inzira y’ikoranabuhanga, gukora ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwikora, guteza imbere ikirango, no guteza imbere inganda kugira ngo zigere ku iterambere ry’urwego rwo hejuru muri rusange.
Sheng Xinjiang yagize ati: “Iterambere ry’inganda zo mu mujyi wa Zhenze zo mu bwoko bwa Zhenze rizatanga uruhare runini mu kwihutisha inganda, ubwinshi bw’impano n’ibindi byiza, ryihutishe umuvuduko w’udushya n’impinduka, kandi rikomeze kunoza icyapa cya zahabu cy’inganda ziranga Wujiang.”
"Kurinda igikombe" buri gihe
"Ikipe" y'imyenda y'Abashinwa mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ikunze kugaragara, ndetse ikanatsinda "icya mbere" kenshi.
Abakora imyenda mu Bushinwa nabo baribaza bati, “ikipe” y’Ubushinwa y’imyenda ni gute yakwirinda umuhanda neza? Icy'ingenzi ni ugufata inzira y’iterambere “y’ikoranabuhanga, imideli, ibidukikije”.
Mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ubukungu bushingiye ku isuku nke ya karuboni, igitekerezo cyo kurengera ibidukikije bidafite karuboni nyinshi, siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga mu gushyigikira iterambere ry'inganda z'imyenda mu Bushinwa byabaye icyerekezo cy'ingenzi.
Mu ntego ya "karuboni ebyiri", inganda z'imyenda zo mu Bushinwa zirimo guteza imbere cyane inzira igana ku iterambere ritangiza ibidukikije. Perezida w'Ishyirahamwe ry'Inganda z'Imyenda zo mu Bushinwa, Sun Rui Zhe, yavuze ko inganda z'imyenda ari imbaraga z'ingenzi mu kubaka imiterere y'iterambere ry'umusaruro, ubuzima n'ubwiza bw'ibidukikije. Nk'imwe mu nganda za mbere mu Bushinwa zishyize imbere intego yo kudakoresha karuboni, inganda z'imyenda ziri ku isonga mu guhanga udushya mu micungire irambye, kubungabunga ingufu n'amazi, gukumira no kugenzura ihumana, gukoresha neza umutungo kamere, inganda zikora ibikomoka ku bidukikije n'ibindi bintu, kandi ni umuteguro ukomeye w'imiyoborere irambye ku isi. Inganda zigomba gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ritangiza ibidukikije, guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry'ibidukikije, kunoza amahame agenga ibidukikije no gukomeza guteza imbere impinduka zikomoka ku bidukikije n'ibikomoka ku bidukikije mu ruhererekane rw'inganda zose.
Mu gikombe cy'isi cy'uyu mwaka cyabereye muri Qatar, imyenda y'Abashinwa yafashije Qatar gusobanukirwa neza ibidukikije n'ikoranabuhanga.
“Muri Qatar, amakipe 13 yafashe ikibuga yambaye imyenda igezweho yakozwe natwe, ikozwe mu 100% bya fibre ya polyester ishobora kongera gukoreshwa. Byongeye kandi, iyi myambaro mishya ifite ahantu ho guhumeka neza kandi hashobora guhumeka nyuma yo gukusanya no gukusanya amakuru y’abakinnyi, bivuze ko abakinnyi bashobora gukonjeshwa neza mu bice by’umubiri wabo bikenewe cyane gukonjeshwa.” Abatanga ibicuruzwa bya Nike mu Bushinwa babwiye abanyamakuru ko hari inzira y’ikoranabuhanga “kuva ku macupa ya pulasitiki yakoreshejwe kugeza ku myambaro mishya”, ariko igipimo nyacyo cyo kuyikoresha ntabwo cyari hejuru bihagije, ariko ubu ikozwe 100% muri polyester ishobora kongera gukoreshwa.
Che Che Culture ni ikigo cy’umuco n’ubuhanzi cyihaye intego yo gushushanya, guteza imbere, gukora no kugurisha ibicuruzwa byemewe mu mikino ikomeye. Gishobora kuba isoko ry’amashusho y’igikombe cy’isi, ibi bikaba ari umusaruro w’imyaka icumi Chen Leigang yiyemeje cyane mu nganda z’umuco n’ubuhanzi. Binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho n’igishushanyo mbonera cyiza, itsinda ry’abashushanya riyobowe na Chen Leigang ryakoze ubwoko birindwi bw’ibipimo mu mezi abiri, kuva ku buryo busanzwe bw’ibipupe byacapwe kugeza ku bicuruzwa byarangiye bifite ishusho nk’amababa aguruka.
Chen Leigang yavuze inkuru nto kuri “Laib”. “Mu muhango wo gufungura, buri wese mu bitabiriye yahawe ibahasha nini iriho igipupe cya Raib, nacyo twakoze. Icyo cyari igikorwa cy'agateganyo cy'inyongera kuri komite ishinzwe gutegura. Twakiriye icyifuzo saa kumi n'imwe z'umugoroba, kandi icyitegererezo cyakozwe saa kumi n'imwe z'umugoroba. Ibi bigaragaza akamaro k'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere by'ikigo n'ubushobozi bwo gushushanya.” Chen Leigang yizera ko agaciro kazanwa no gukora inganda zitunganya umusaruro ari gato, ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ubuhanga gusa ni byo bishobora kuzana imbaraga zirambye ku kigo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 10-2022
